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    <h1 class="post-title">JavaScript中property和attribute的区别</h1>

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<li><p><strong>1. 定义</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>property</code>（元素属性）：<code>DOM</code> 节点是一个对象，因此，可以添加自定义的属性以及方法。<code>property</code> 的值可以是任何的数据类型，对大小写敏感。自定义的<code>property</code>不会出现在 <code>html</code> 中，只存在 <code>JavaSctipt</code> 中。<ul>
<li><code>attribute</code>（标签属性）：<code>attribute</code> 只能是字符串，大小写不敏感，出现在 <code>innerHTML</code> 中，通过类数组<code>attributes</code>可以罗列所有的 <code>attribute</code>。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><strong>2. 相同之处</strong></p>
<a id="more"></a>
<ul>
<li>标准 <code>DOM</code> 的 <code>properties</code>（元素属性）与<code>attributes</code>（标签属性）是同步的。公认的 <code>attributes</code>（标签属性）会添加到<code>DOM</code>对象 <code>property</code>（元素属性）上，如 <code>id、style、className、disabled、checked</code>等。这时候直接操作 <code>property  (el. checked)</code> 或者使用 <code>el.getAttribute() / el.setAttribute()</code>效果一致。但是参数不一定相同，如：<code>el.className 与 el.getAttribute(&#39;class&#39;)</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><strong>3. 不同之处</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p>对于有些标准的特性的操作，<code>el.getAttribute 与 el.property</code>获取的值存在差异性。如: `href、src、value、style、onclic 等</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>Demo1：</code>el.getAttribute 获取的是 href 的实际值，el.property 获取的是完整的 url</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">alEl.href = <span class="string">'/'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">alert(alEl.getAttribute(<span class="string">'href'</span>));  <span class="comment">// '/'</span></span><br><span class="line">alert(alEl.href);  				 <span class="comment">// full URL</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><code>Demo2：</code>el.property 可以从 el.setAttribute 获得同步</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">inputEl.setAttribute(<span class="string">'value'</span>, <span class="string">'hello'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">alert(inputEl.value );	 		    <span class="comment">// 'hello' -- property changed!</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>Demo3： el.getAttribute 不能从 el.property 获得同步</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">inputEl.value = <span class="string">'bye'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">alert(inputEl.getAttribute(<span class="string">'value'</span>)); <span class="comment">// 'hello' – attribute not changed!</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>Demo4：el.getAttribute 只能获取输入框的原始值，el.property 可以获取输入框修改后值</li>
</ul>
<p>用户输入 ‘good’，inputEl.value 获得 ‘good’，inputEl.getAttribute(‘value’) 获得原始值 ‘hello’。<br>可以利用 inputEl.value == inputEl.getAttribute(‘value’) 检验 input 是否变化</p>
<ul>
<li>Demo5：checkbox 未选中时 – el.getAttribute 返回 null，el.property 返回 false</li>
</ul>
<p>checkbox 选中时 – el.getAttribute 仍返回 null，el.property 返回 ture<br><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">alert(checkboxEl.checked); 					<span class="comment">//  boolean true</span></span><br><span class="line">alert(checkboxEl.getAttribute(<span class="string">'checked'</span>)); 		<span class="comment">//  object null</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<ul>
<li>Demo6：style – el.getAttribute 返回 string, el.property 返回 object</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">alert(divEl.style); 					<span class="comment">// 'width:200px;height:200px;'</span></span><br><span class="line">alert(divEl.getAttribute(<span class="string">'style'</span>) ) 	<span class="comment">//  [object CSSStyleDeclaration]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>4. 浏览器兼容性上的差别</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>1)<code>IE&lt;9</code> 浏览器中，el.property 和 el.getAttribute 可以相互访问自定义属性</li>
<li>2)<code>IE&lt;8</code>（包括IE8种的IE7兼容模式），el.property 和 el.getAttribute 相同</li>
<li>因为 <code>attribute</code> 对大小写不敏感，在这种情况下，用 el.getAttribute 访问特性时，浏览器会选择第一次出现的值。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.body.abba = <span class="number">1</span> <span class="comment">// assign property (now can read it by getAttribute)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.body.ABBA = <span class="number">5</span> <span class="comment">// assign property with another case</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// must get a property named 'ABba' in case-insensitive way.</span></span><br><span class="line">alert( <span class="built_in">document</span>.body.getAttribute(<span class="string">'ABba'</span>) ) <span class="comment">// 1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>5. 优先选择 property</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>在实际应用中，98% 的 DOM 操作都是使用 properties。</p>
</li>
<li><p>总结：只有两种情形需要使用<code>attributes ：</code></p>
<ul>
<li>1) 自定义的 <code>HTML attributes</code>，因为它并不同步到<code>DOM property</code></li>
<li>2) 访问内置的<code>HTML attributes</code>（设置的初始值），这些 <code>attribute</code>不能从<code>property</code> 同步过来。例如<code>input</code>标签的 value 值</li>
</ul>
</li>
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